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Glossary

ANTIOXIDANTS

An antioxidant is a substance that inhibits oxidation reactions, by removing free radical intermediates and terminating free radical chain reactions. They do this by being oxidised themselves. Examples are vitamin A, D and E which are found within our botanicals such as Baobab, Mongongo oil and Kigelia africana.

COLLAGEN

Collagen is a protein. Together with elastin, it is responsible for skin strength and elasticity. These proteins give skin its youthful, supple and toned appearance. However, both are susceptible to damage from inflammation and free radicals and when exposed can become less effective. For example, healthy collagen fibre molecules ‘slide’ over one another, which contributes to the soft, supple and resilient properties of younger skin. When damaged, the molecules ‘cross link’ and become stiff and inflexible which ages the skin dramatically. Damage caused by inflammation and free radical formation also triggers the release of collagen- and elastin-digesting enzymes and their degradation is a key factor in loss of skin tone, skin sagging and wrinkles. Aurelia’s Peptide Complex increases collagen synthesis by 140%.

IMMUNE TRIGGERS

Immune Triggers are a group of cell-signalling molecules that work within the skin’s defence system. Theystimulate or inhibit cellular activities and play a key role in the inflammatory process and the repair of damaged skin. This response is then regulated back and forth to stimulate or suppress the inflammatory response when required. It is important for these immune responses to be regulated ensuring the skin isn’t in a persistent state of inflammation which can cause premature ageing. Today’s stressful lifestyles, alongside UV damage and external aggressors, facilitate this cycle of inflammation.

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

The extracellular matrix (ECM) has many functions: it surrounds and supports cells, influences cell shape and movement and regulates cellular functions through signaling. It consists of fibres (e.g. collagen and elastin), proteoglycans and polysaccharides (e.g. hyaluronic acid) which provide a voluminous hydrated matrix and adhesive glycoproteins (e.g. fibronectin) which connect cells with fibres. It is essential for processes like growth and skin healing. When the skin is under stress and when inflammation is present the ECM’s function deteriorates.

FIBROBLASTS

Fibroblasts are the main cell type found in the dermis. They produce the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and play a critical role in skin damage repair. They release synthesis to maintain the structure of the ECM. Aurelia London’s probiotic skincare range contains a peptide complex which has been specifically designed to induce fibroblast synthesis within the dermis to protect against such skin damage and help prevent wrinkles forming.

FIBRONECTIN

Fibronectin binds Extracellular Matrix (ECM) components such as collagen and fibrin together. It is one of the three main constituents of the ECM which are synthesised by fibroblasts. Aurelia’s Peptide Complex increases fibronectin synthesis by 220%.

FREE RADICALS

Free radicals are molecules that have lost an electron, leaving them ‘incomplete’ and less stable. They seek to restore balance by replacing their missing electron and are therefore more reactive complete, stable molecules. Free radicals gain electrons and become ‘complete’ by reacting with healthy cell molecule and stealing one of their electrons. This re-balancing process can cause irreparable damage to healthy cell molecules; the free radicals may react with important cellular components such as DNA or the cell membrane. This contributes significantly to the ageing process as once the process has started, it can cascade, resulting in oxidative stress, damage to the skin structure and at excessive levels inflammation within our skin.

GLYCOPROTEINS

Glycoproteins are cell surface molecules which enable communication between the vast number of cells within our bodies; they are essential for cell-to-cell communication. They allow our cells to send and translate messages to each other, enabling them to communicate clearly and operate efficiently. Without them therefore, our skin cells cannot function properly. They help to nourish, control, protect and support our skin cells therefore without them, our skin cannot function optimally.

HYALURONIC ACID

Hyaluronic acid is a chief component of skin and in particular the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and is produced via fibroblasts. Its presence enables the ECM to resist compression and it does this by absorbing significant amounts of water. This sits within a matrix in the ECM and keeps water within the skin and improves skin hydration. Hyaluronic acid is also involved in cellular repair and the regulation of inflammation. Aurelia’s Peptide Complex increases hyaluronic acid synthesis tenfold.

OXIDATIVE STRESS

Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the body’s destructive reactive oxygen species i.e. free radicals and the body’s ability to detoxify these reactive intermediates i.e. antioxidants. Free radicals may react with important cellular components such as DNA or the cell membrane and cause irreparable damage to the cell or cause the cell to die. If there is an excess within the body, chain reactions occur and this can contributes significantly to the ageing process. Once the process has started, it can cascade, resulting in oxidative stress, damage to the skin structure and at excessive levels inflammation within our skin. Aurelia PROTIDA™ Technology works to harness this free radical damage, oxidative stress and systematic inflammation by using antioxidants throughout its products – this is the first fundamental step towards helping to fight ageing.

PROBIOTIC INGREDIENTS

AURELIA’S PROTIDA™ technology continuously protects, restores and balances the skin from within. They calm the natural immune triggers in your skin which can be overstimulated by pollution and stress and they reduce the damage these immune triggers cause to collagen, elastin and healthy cells. Aurelia’s Probiotic Ingredients activate the skin’s natural ability to repair itself and boost the natural process of restoring collagen, elastin and healthy cells. Equilibrium is maintained for balanced glowing skin from within.

PROBIOTIC MILK PEPTIDE

Aurelia’s Probiotic Milk Peptide works with our other probiotic ingredients to help stimulate cells (fibroblasts) that produce collagen (responsible for skin elasticity), hyaluronic acid (responsible for hydration) and fibronectin (responsible for skin support). These components give skin its youthful, supple and toned appearance and their deterioration leads to loss of skin tone, skin sagging and wrinkles. The Probiotic Milk Peptide delivers an active network of natural signaling molecules, including Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF- β), to stimulate fibroblast activity and restore the composition of the extracellular matrix resulting in firmer skin. Our scientific studies prove an increase in fibronectin synthesis of 220%, collagen synthesis of 140% and a huge 1,900% increase in natural hyaluronic acid levels. In addition, the Probiotic Milk Peptide has been shown to improve skin smoothness, reduce wrinkle depth and enhance the overall structure of the skin.

PROTEASOME

Proteasomes are found within human cells and their role is to destroy other proteins. They are involved in many essential cellular functions, such as regulation of the cell cycle, signaling and processing for appropriate immune responses and inflammatory responses. Aurelia’s Eye Complex which is derived from two botanicals: olive leaf extract and jujube, targets fine line and wrinkles and results in an age correction improvement of 5 years in just 28 days. The Olive leaf extract works to strengthen the proteasome within our cells and the extract of Jujube and increase the skin’s antioxidant defence system and helps to prevent the cellular decline of proteins occurring. By strengthening the proteasome Aurelia’s Eye Complex improves the natural recycling process in skin cells which helps to delay skin ageing.